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This paper describes the test results of low concentration butanol gasoline as fuel on motorcycle. It contains an immerse test to study material compatibility of 50% n-butanol gasoline(nB50) with some rubber, thermoplastics and Aluminum alloy usually used on motorcycle engine fuel system. An engine dyno test which is to compare the combustion characteristics of 20% n-butanol-gasoline (nB20) and gasoline. And an vehicle emission and fuel test which is to evaluate nB20 fuel emission characteristics and compliance of Taiwan motorcycles emission standards. The results shown there is no malfunction concern to use nB20 as fuel on the fuel injection motorcycle designed for gasoline. However, the NOx exhaust increase is a common issue of Alcohol alternative fuels on motorcycle.

This paper examines the effect of percentage ethanol blended in gasoline on air-fuel ratio (A/F) and exhaust emissions of a 125 c.c. carbureted motorcycle. Three tests were conducted: subjective assessment of motorcycle performance test, carburetor test, and motorcycle emissions test. Several ethanol-gasoline blended fuels and six carburetor nozzles were used in the study. The motorcycle was tested on chassis-dynamometer by following CNS 11386 standard. In the experiments, the air-fuel ratio and the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the motorcycle could be started up as the ethanol concentration no larger than 60%. As the concentration of the ethanol increased, A/F increased 7% and decreased 8% for different carburetors, CO emission decreased, HC emission decreased first then increased further, NOx emission increased first then decreased further as well.

This work studies the potential to use nanoparticles as additives in lubrication oil to improve friction and wear properties. The friction coefficient, electrical contact resistance and wear depth are experimentally measuring using a reciprocating sliding tribo-tester at various temperatures, contact pressures and sliding velocities. The test results show that the nanoparticle as additive in base oil can reduce friction and wear by up to 50% in mixed and boundary regimes, but in a commercial engine oil, it has a relatively minor effect. The material properties, size and shape of nanoparticles affect their tribological properties. The mechanisms of friction and wear behavior improved are briefly discussed.

Comprehensive experiments are carried out concerning the dynamic characteristics of high speed valve trains. The experimental data are used to determine the dynamic coefficients of a combined dynamic model. The combined dynamic model is applied to predict the occurrence of the valve bounce. The simulation results show good agreement with measured valve displacements for a OHC engine.