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Accident data have shown that the pedestrian injuries resulting from contact with the ground are serious and may even be worse than the injuries resulting from the primary contact with the vehicle. The landing mechanisms, including the pedestrian trajectory and subsequent sequential body region contacts to the ground, are the basis for understanding the ground impact injuries of pedestrians. However, the landing mechanisms of pedestrian are too complicated to be categorized via investigation of the collision information after an accident has occurred. Nowadays, pedestrian kinematics after vehicle impacts can be observed from the accident videos that have been recorded by road monitoring and driver recorders. This study was aimed at investigating the pedestrian landing mechanisms and analyzing the influencing factors.

Computer simulation has been used as a vital and powerful tool for evaluating stresses in microelectronics packages due to thermal-mechanical loading. Experimental measurement and reliability testing have been performed for modeling correlation and verification. In the past several years, the authors have been integrating computer simulation and testing to significantly improve package reliability at Motorola SPS. Several examples are presented for illustration and demonstration of the methodology.