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The use of oxygenated fuels in Brazil required the OEM to develop local testing methods to check the abilities of injector components and materials to withstand the aggressive characteristics of the fuel found in the field. This paper complements paper SAE 962350 and documents the engineering work that was performed to identify the root cause of the field problems related to the single point injectors, the testing procedure developed and the actions taken to minimize the field issues.

Brazil's use of oxygenated fuels (pure ethanol - E93 and gasoline with 22% anhydrous ethanol - E22) has led local car manufactures to develop components and testing procedures that can withstand the aggressive characteristics of these types of fuel. This paper will present the methods used by Ford ELD-Brazil (currently part of the Ford Automotive Components Division - ACD) together with its suppliers and Autolatina (former joint venture between Ford and Volkswagen in South America) to validate and select suitable components to work in this environment.