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Objective of this project was to establish very comprehensive, robust vehicle model of three wheeler electric vehicle. This was achieved by simulating vehicle operation and performance on standard as well as realistic driving cycles. Purpose of building a virtual electric three wheeler vehicle model was to validate the mathematical model with respect to real time road load testing. Electric 3 wheeler vehicle model was built in Ricardo-IGNITE. This model includes advanced vehicle which consists of detailed vehicle parameters like mass & CG locations, suspension, brakes and aerodynamic input parameters. Also other parameter includes road load resistances, rotational, transnational inertial effects and power-train efficiencies and detailed battery and motor model with its thermal & inertial properties respectively. Simulation results of performance and range are validated by actual vehicle testing on dynamo-meter and road for standard and realistic driving-cycles respectively.

Recent advancements in IC engine and Hybrid vehicles emphasize the use of higher rated fuels with higher calorific values, leading to higher operating temperature and pressure values. This makes the design of valve train components a complex task. Typically, IC engine valves are subjected to varying stresses throughout an engine cycle. This can result in fatigue failure of valves in many applications where the supplier was deficient in advanced analysis methodologies. Considering this fact, a new technique for valve durability and life predictions has been developed using various approaches such as internal semi-empirical thermal boundary conditions calculation tool, Multibody Dynamics (MBD) and Finite Element Modelling (FEM). In this study, a bi-metallic (Stem - X45 CrSi 9 3 and Head - X50 CrMnNiNbN 21 9) exhaust valve operating under direct attack valvetrain of 1.2L inline 3-cylinder gasoline engine has been considered.

India is rapidly transitioning to environment friendly green mobility technology. This is evident from leapfrog move to Bharat Stage VI stringent emissions norms, by just providing a mere window of three years to the automotive industry. The challenge is not to manufacture new subsystems but is getting customized emission solution technology tested and validated for Indian conditions to meet BSVI emission norms by April 2020. With reference to recent reports published by NITI Aayog (Government of India Think Tank), xEV’s can be incentivized and promoted as an emission free solution. With internal combustion engine complex architectures to meet BSVI emission norms and proposed government incentive, many passenger car OEM’s are considering electric vehicle (EV) powertrain development. In view of this, a study was envisaged to estimate EV powertrain challenges for Pune (India) city real world driving conditions.

Vehicle development teams find it challenging to predict what their Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) module performance will be for cold ambient (∼ -20 deg. C) test cycles such as defrost and cabin warm-up before the car is built. This uncertainty in predictions comes from varying engine heat rejection to coolant due to cold cylinder wall temperatures, calibration changes and degraded performance of various components within the cooling system such as the coolant pump owing to higher viscosity of the coolant. Measuring engine heat rejection at cold ambient is extremely difficult as the engine warms up as soon as it is fired. Multiple measurement points require long lead time to soak to the cold target temperature. It is a common practice to adjust engine calibration parameters to warm up coolant as fast as possible for an adequate defrost and cabin warm-up performance.