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The problem of the relationship between automobile emission and environmental pollution has attracted considerable attention lately. The variable swallowing capacity turbocharger becomes essential technology to cope with emission regulations and to decrease fuel consumption, while meeting the demand for increasing engine power output. A turbocharger with new structure has been developed for passenger car applications, the RHF series Variable Geometry System (VGS) turbocharger. The object of VGS turbocharger is to improve engine performance, over a broad engine speed range, by changing the swallowing capacity of turbine with a variable geometry nozzles. This paper describes the details of structure, performance and control of RHF series VGS turbocharger. Furthermore, a high temperature tribological study about the driving link is also discussed.

To meet the demand for improved comfort, driveability and fuel economy standards, a continuously variable displacement compressor has been developed. The compressor has a unique compression mechanism, which automatically changes displacement volume to exactly match vehicle air conditioning requirements. The compressor controls the pressure differential between the crankcase and the cylinder inlet and uses the pistons as actuators to change compressor displacement. This paper outlines an analytical model for evaluating the dynamic behaviour of the variable displacement compression mechanism. The model gives detailed geometric and kinematic information regarding each element. It also calculates gas torque fluctuation, nutating motion of the wobble plate, constraint forces of each pair of machine elements and unbalanced forces of inertia. It calculates the pressure differential between the crankcase pressure and the cylinder inlet pressure required for displacement control.

A wet oxidation system will be useful in CELSS as a facility to treat organic wastes and to redistribute inorganic compounds and elements. However at rather higher temperatures needed in this reaction, for instance, at 260 °C, only 80% of organic carbon in a raw material can be oxidized, and 20% of it will remain in the liquid mainly as acetic acid, which is virtually non-combustible. Furthermore, nitrogen is transformed to ammonium ions which normally cannot be absorbed by plants. To resolve these problems, it becomes necessary to use catalysts. Noble metals such 33 Ru, Rh and so on have proved to be partially effective as these catalysts. That is, oxidation does not occur completely, and the unexpected denitrification, instead of the expected nitrification, occurs. So, it is essential to develop the catalysts which are able to realize the complete oxidation and the nitrification.