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This research was conducted to propose appropriate emergency exits for bus crews and passengers. We developed the improved emergency exit based on the results of current bus exit performance tests, and investigated its effect on evacuation readiness. Tests employing human subjects were conducted to measure the time required to evacuate using the improved emergency exit. The subjects' psychological responses during evacuation were also studied to identify any evacuation problems. We also carried out tests of group evacuation through windows in a current bus to obtain the relationship between the evacuation time, the number of evacuation subjects, and the number of windows. The results show that the improved emergency exit is effective in improving evacuation readiness. It is clear that there is a positive correlation between the evacuation time, the number of subjects, and the number of windows.

The purpose of this research is to investigate bus passengers' and drivers' understanding of emergency exit procedures and propose the need for new emergency exits. A study of bus passengers and drivers was conducted. In this study, the interviewees were shown a movie of an accident scene in which the bus crews and passengers had to evacuate the bus to safety. After watching this film, the interviewees were asked to express their opinions. The results show that most passengers and drivers feel the need for upgrading emergency equipment.