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In recent years, since the demands for comfortable operation and low fuel consumption are increasingly enhanced on the industrial machines, non-road engines as power sources on agriculture, landscape and construction applications are required to be achieved high power, low fuel consumption and low noise. Also, even for small engines, it is necessary to keep up with the trend of electronic control devices on these machines. Based on such backgrounds, we developed new non-road direct injection diesel engines with common rail system to satisfy those demands. This paper reviews the technologies to achieve the adoption of common rail system onto such small displacement industrial engines and to optimize the combustion system and injection characteristics.

The two-dimensional distributions of the liquid phase temperatures in diesel sprays injected into high-pressure and high-temperature environments were measured using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. The liquid fuel (n-hexadecane) was doped with pyrene(C16H10). The fuel spray doped with pyrene was injected under a high-pressure of 3.1MPa and a high-Temperature of 773K. The evaporating diesel spray was excited by laser radiation at 266nm, and the resulting fluorescence was imaged by an intensified CCD camera. The fluorescence intensity ratios of the pyrene monomer and excimer emissions have temperature dependence, and were used to determine the liquid phase temperatures in the diesel sprays. The cross-sectional distribution of the liquid phase temperature was estimated from the fluorescence images by the temperature dependence of the intensity ratio.