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Advantages of using UO2-X in fuel elements are discussed. Change of the initial uranium dioxide content due to burn-up, themal diffusion, as well as fuel component carry-over through the fuel element cladding and vent system is calculated. It is shown that while the fuel element works, the oxygen coefficient increases. The initial value of O/U=1.990-1.998 providing preservation of the hypostoichiometric content during life time is recommended. The authors results on UO2-X structure investigation under conditions of heating-cooling and long storage, as well as comparative data on free swelling are given besides literature data on UO2-X properties.

In the 70-80 s a number of conceptions of solar power plants with thermoelectric and thermionic converters of thermal energy in electric one was offered. The investigations performed in some countries in the field of direct conversion closely brought these conceptions to practical realization. At present developments of components of solar power plants: thermionic converters (TEC) and thermoelectric generators (TEG), thermal and electric energy accumulatory,optical concentrators allow to create a plant with efficiency ∼ 20% and more for terrestrial and space usage.