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A Hybrid Electric Motorcycle (HEM) with a direct-driven wheel motor is proposed in this paper. The rear wheel is driven by an internal combustion engine and a powertrain system of a traditional motorcycle with minor modifications. The front wheel is driven by a direct-driven wheel motor. The proposed HEM is a parallel configuration. Both wheels can supply tractive forces simultaneously to drive the motorcycle when necessary. A rule-based structure is used to design the power split controller of the proposed HEM. Fuel economy of the proposed design will be evaluated by a dynamic simulation model in Matlab/Simulink using ECE-R40 driving cycle.

A Hybrid Electric Motorcycle (HEM) with a variable-winding brushed DC wheel motor is proposed in this paper. When the windings are connected in parallel, the motor has wide speed range suitable for high-speed cruising. When the windings are connected in series, the motor can provide high starting torque and thus reduce the necessary engine size for the proposed HEM. The optimal upper and lower power limits of the engine operating region are obtained from the optimal design theory. A dynamic simulation model is established in Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the performance of the proposed HEM and traditional motorcycles using the ECE40 driving cycle.