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In order to extend the oil drain interval and to prolong the engine service life, we have investigated the effects of engine load and wear on heavy-duty diesel engine oil deterioration and oil filter plugging. Furthermore, effects of oil quality on oil deterioration has also been studied. We have found in this study that the increase of blow-by gas flow due to excessive wear of engine components causes severe nitro-oxidation in heavy-duty diesel engines at a high engine load conditions similar to that observed in gasoline engines. The nitro-oxidation of engine oil also causes filter plugging. From the oils tested, the high ash oil showed better anti-nitro-oxidation performance than those with low ash.