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A constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) was used to measure the flame speeds for various kinds of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, and an engine test was also carried out to obtain the relationship between combustion characteristics on the CVCC and the engine performance in an SI engine. In the engine test, it was confirmed that the fuel composition significantly affected the combustion stability under lean-burn conditions. From the relationship between the flame speed in the CVCC and the combustion duration in the test engine, we could find out the possibility of various kinds of fuels as the future fuel base.