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Hydrogen Fuel-Cell (HFC) technology is popular in Asia (mainly Japan), the US (chiefly California) and Europe. HFC is mostly used in passenger cars and urban buses. HFC technology is also being introduced to railway transport. Hydrogen-powered trains are an attractive alternative to diesel trains, in particular on nonelectrified railways - where roughly 70% of the world’s 200 000 locomotives operate today - and in the markets of Europe and the US (together about 55 000 diesel locomotives today). Besides avoiding carbon emissions, hydrogen trains reduce noise and eliminate local emissions of NOX and particulates. Since they use significant amounts of hydrogen, the required infrastructure is limited and can be immediately utilised. Hydrogen-powered trains are already being introduced for light-rail vehicles and regional railways - such as the trams produced by the China South Rail Corporation.

There is a growing appreciation for using buses powered by alternative fuels in urban transport. Considered as such are city bus with engines fuelled with LNG and hybrid bus. This article, as shown above, provides a comparison of road exhaust emissions from three city buses: one with a CI engine fuelled with diesel fuel, and the other with a SI engine fuelled with LNG and Hybrid bus. Both vehicles (CI and LNG) conformed to Euro VI emission standard (hybrid bus EEV), and the tests were carried out in real traffic conditions. Equivocal opinions about differences in emissions from those types of buses, among others - CO2 and NOx emissions, were the underlying cause of the tests. The comparative study was carried out along the same urban routes during bus trips over the following days in similar traffic conditions. Exhaust road emission was determined based on the vehicle's curb weight and route length, and operating fuel consumption.

Hydrogen is a central pillar of energy transformation required to limit global warming to two degrees. Decarbonization is an element of that transformation, which focuses primarily on the decarbonization of motor transport, particularly individual transport (passenger cars). In this case, the use of electric vehicles equipped with hydrogen fuel cells (FCEVs) is taken into consideration. In countries such as in particular Japan and the US, but also China, France, South Korea and Germany, FCEVs and hydrogen refuelling stations are presently used. Those countries are of crucial importance in the scope discussed in this article. Those countries have also adopted implementation plans, i.e. the so-called NIP for the development of hydrogenization. The construction and the operation of HRS in respective countries are essential for the development of hydrogenization of motor transport in those countries.

The paper presents results of the road tests of exhaust gas emissions of vehicles of different emission classes (Euro 4 and Euro 5, with different mileage), fuelled with compressed natural gas. The tests of exhaust emissions were conducted on parts of the road with different characteristics of the traffic intensity. For each phase of the tests, the characteristics of the test run and the value of exhaust gas emissions were determined. To measure the exhaust emission the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) was used.

In order to measure the concentration of exhaust emissions a mobile emission testing analyzer SEMTECH DS by SENSORS Inc was used. In the study the results of the vehicle emission tests in the road conditions were presented, as this was the only way to obtain the information on real vehicle emissions. They include information on the emissivity of the vehicles in operation and deal with the real conditions of the vehicle in motion. Reliable measurement results were obtained which were verified in simulated conditions on a chassis test bed. The obtained data were used to specify the dependence characteristics for the influence of the dynamic engine properties on the exhaust emissions. The dynamic engine properties were indirectly taken into account using all the speed range and the range of acceleration calculated for the city traffic in order to prepare a matrix of the emission intensity.

In order to measure the concentration of exhaust a mobile analyzer SEMTECH DS by SENSORS Inc and particle matter by TSI was used. In the study the results of the vehicle emission tests in the road conditions were presented as this was the only way to obtain the information on real vehicle emissions. They include information on the emissivity of the vehicles in operation and deal with the real conditions of the vehicle motion. Reliable measurement results were obtained which were verified in simulated conditions on a chassis test bed. The obtained data were used to specify the dependence characteristics for the influence of the dynamic engine properties on the exhaust emissions. The dynamic engine properties were indirectly taken into account using all the speed range and the range of acceleration calculated for the city traffic in order to prepare a matrix of emission intensity.

In order to measure the concentration of toxic compounds a mobile analyzer for toxic tests SEMTECH DS by SENSORS Inc. was used. In the study the results of the vehicle emission tests in the road conditions were presented as this was the only way to obtain the information on real vehicle emissions. They include information on the emissivity of the vehicles in operation and deal with the real conditions of the vehicle motion. Reliable measurement results were obtained which were verified in simulated conditions on a chassis test bed. The obtained data were used to specify the dependence characteristics for the influence of the dynamic engine properties on the harmful compound emissions. The dynamic engine properties were indirectly taken into account using all the speed range and the range of acceleration calculated for the city traffic in order to prepare a matrix of emission intensity.

The paper concerns the assessment possibilities of use of chosen vibration signal parameters to detect misfires in diesel locomotives engines (non-road vehicles). Methodological assumptions, stages of measurements and vibration signal analyses for a compression-ignition engine of a locomotive have been presented in the paper. Measurement results and concepts of further research regarding the use of vibration methods in on-board diagnostic systems have been presented as well.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the basic greenhouse gases and according to some opinions their influence upon warming the earth climate is significant. Acceptance of this prognosis has lead to worldwide legislative limitation covering all CO2 emitting engines. The paper reviews the relationship between CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in a range of automobiles (with SI and CI engines) presented for type approval over last four years (1996-1999). The paper presents an analysis of the results of an examination of the CO2 emission and the fuel consumption of more like 150 automotive vehicles (M1 and N1 categories), European, Japanese/Korean manufacturer and the US. The procedures used in the examination for approval in the presented scope have been described and several results of these examinations conducted in Poland in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations No. 101 ECE UNO (directive 93/116 EC) have been evaluated.

The paper reviews the relationship between CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in a range of automobiles presented for type approval over the last two years. The procedures used in the examination for approval in the presented scope have been described and several results of these examinations conducted in Poland in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations no.101 ECE UNO (Directive 93/116 EC) are evaluated. The evaluation of the possibilities of fulfilling the existing and future requirements of the above mentioned CO2 emissions are discussed.

This paper presents an evaluation of the results of an examination of the emissions CO,HC,NOx,PM, the smokiness of exhaust and the fuel consumption of automotive vehicles and mopeds examined in Poland for the “approval of a type” in the years 1993-1997. The procedures used in the Examination for approval in the presented scope have been described and several results of these examinations, which were conducted in Poland in accordance with the requirements of the ECE UNO, Regulations have been evaluated. The evaluation of the possibility of fulfilling the existing and future requirements for the above mentioned emissions, by the vehicles manufactured in Poland for many years, has also been presented.