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This paper describes the different data processing methods and crypto algorithm principles of access/drive authorization systems used in modern vehicles. The various communication sequences between keyhead/ keyfob and vehicle are detailed. Some possible attacks by thieves on a remote entry control system and the countermeasures required are discussed. Illustrations are given for a system overview, RF-receiver modules, bandwidth comparison, range performance, assembly of a plastic transponder, immobilizer module, “rolling-code” and “challenge & response” principle

Today electrically driven windows are a standard feature in many automobiles. Further technical enhancements like express up/down or remote controlled central closing are important features for increased comfort and ease of operation. Some of these new functions cannot be implemented without inherent safety precautions to avoid the risk of being trapped and severely injured by automatically moving window panes. A sophisticated technical approach is described which solves this problem using state of the art electronics and modern software design combined to yield high cost efficiency. This patented concept is based on motor current detection. Theoretical explanations and practical results illustrate that it is superior to other approaches. Examples are shown of high volume applications currently in production.

A sensitive laser mass spectrometer has been developed for fast multicomponent automotive exhaust analyses. The system is particularly appropriate for working at dynamic motor test stands and provides the following features: Detection of all individual organic and inorganic exhaust constituents with 1 ppm sensitivity Simultaneous detection of up to 12 selectable exhaust compounds with a measurement rate of up to 100 Hz 2 ms time precision relative to the motor phase - Ruggedness for operation at engine test facilities This system has been used at a motor test facility to investigate the emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, xylene, and of nitrogen oxide in stationary and dynamic engine operation. These measurements demonstrate some of the capabilities of the analysis system to obtain fundamental information about the combustion processes and about processes in the exhaust pipe.

This paper highlights the obstacle detection system developed by the Daimler Benz group to assist the driver, particularly in dangerous traffic situations and in case of bad weather. The area in front of the vehicle is scanned by a radar beam, and the actual traffic is analysed by signal processing software. Safety distance is calculated and displayed, and a warning is given to the driver whenever necessary. With this information, driving safety and comfort is increased while all actions to be taken still remain under driver control. Cruise control applications can be regarded as a natural system extension. A special chapter is dedicated to vehicle test data evaluation based on a mobile video system operating in the traffic environment and data post-processing in the lab.

A sensitive laser mass spectrometer is being developed for fast multicomponent engine exhaust analyses. The features of the system meet the requirements of the analysis problems at dynamic motor test stands: detection of all organic and inorganic exhaust constituents of concentrations higher than 1 ppm simultaneous detection of up to 12 selectable exhaust compounds with 100 Hz repetition rate 2 millisecond time precision relative to the motor phase. precise sampling location everywhere in the exhaust pipe system, e.g. single valve or cylinder exhaust gas analysis ruggedness for operation at engine test facilities The time and space resolution allows the tracking of the different exhaust components during one and more motor cycle in static and transient engine operations. This information is essential for an understanding of the combustion processes, which is necessary for the development of the engine and engine control and other efforts to reduce emission of pollutants.