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Oil is a non-renewable resource and we can not sustain our current rate of use indefinitely. Rising fuel prices, security of fuel supplies and most importantly need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions has put pressure to look at fuel economy more seriously in recent years. As already witnessed in the passenger car industry, motorcycle manufacturers are looking at engine oil as potential tool to improve efficiency and therefore reduce emissions. Carefully formulated low viscosity engine oils can bring increase in engine performance and fuel economy thereby reducing tailpipe emissions when compared with conventional, high viscosity engine oil. However, this approach needs a well balanced formulation technology and thorough testing program since in a typical modern four stroke motorcycle power-train with integrated clutch and gearbox, requirement for low engine friction should be carefully balanced with those for gearbox protection and clutch compatibility.