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Detailed vehicle models are often used for the simulation of vehicle dynamics. Good results are obtained, but the development time required for new models is very high, and depends on the complexity of the simulation to be carried out. This high level of effort is needed every time a new vehicle is modelled. A generic model for a middle class European passenger vehicle, with a minimum set of parameters to correlate the model to different vehicles, is discussed in this contribution. The model should be sufficient for detecting the start of rollover in rollover simulations to the required accuracy, for example. This provided reasonable results in most cases, with a small number of vehicle specific parameters, but specific vehicle suspension arrangements caused problems. A solution for this problem – the development of a generic suspension model – is then discussed.

The car industry has reached a point where electronic systems, which were so far essentially autonomous, begin to grow together to a Car-Wide Web. The main driving force is the demand for more safety, security, and comfort implemented economically. Already various parties are working on control networks. In the long run, vehicle motion and dynamic systems, safety, security, comfort as well as mobile multimedia systems will integrate and reach out for the vision of accident-free, comfortable, and well-informed driving. As a foundation for a Car-Wide Web, Bosch is developing an open architecture called CARTRONIC. The essence of CARTRONIC is to define structuring rules, modeling rules and patterns for total, integrated control of vehicles. The rules and patterns allow the mapping of high-level functions onto several physical implementations, for instance one logical description of functional connections could be created for cars with different equipment packages.

In this article a new zero-dimensional model is presented for simulating the cylinder pressure in direct injection diesel engines. The model enables the representation of current combustion processes considering multiple injections, high exhaust gas recirculation rates, and turbocharging. In these methods solely cycle-resolved, scalar input variables from the electronic control unit in combination with empirical parameters are required for modeling. The latter are adapted automatically to different engines or modified applications using measured cylinder pressure traces. The verification based on measurements within the entire operating range from engines of different size and type proves the universal applicability and high accuracy of the proposed method.

In this paper a model based design approach is described helping to improve the process of automotive embedded software development. The methodology contains a prototypical development process which shows great improvement towards the more and more upcoming non-functional demands faced by automotive software development like reusability, scalability and resource efficiency. This is achieved by use of increased formalism, continuousness and open standards. The whole hereby proposed and surrounding development process is introduced including all essential artifacts, process steps and formal or automated transitions between them. Significantly important is the Abstract Automotive Software Architecture (ABSOFA), a meta model based software architecture modeling concept for structuring automotive software fully abstracting from realization, implementation and platform details. The meta model as well as the modeling language itself are based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

In the automotive industry a growing number of mono-functional control units with increasing complexity on one hand and requirements for reduced power con-sumption and mounting space on the other hand are enforcing an architectural change of the car electronics. Computer platforms with a client/server architecture are candidates to reduce the number of control units drastically followed by a reduction of costs, space and better integration possibilities for enhanced func-tionalities as well as additional services. The problem which comes up now if those architectures are coming to the cars is to cope with software complexity and reliability issues under the aspect of continuously evolving hardware infrastructure. To understand the problems better, the Corporate Engineering within Robert Bosch GmbH has build a multifunctional look-and-feel demonstrator in a first step using a component-based software architecture on a standard PC-platform. Experiences are reported.

A networking of control systems poses high challenges - in particular for guaranteeing its safety, reliability, and acceptance of the whole integrated system by the car user. CARTRONIC is an open architecture for networking the control systems of a vehicle. The organization of a network has to be set up systematically and with foresight to achieve the advantages of going beyond the sum of the components and to avoid mutual disturbance. Thus the cooperation does not only require well-defined interfaces, but also coordination of the control strategies in the individual components. Additionally, there is an increasing need for ensuring that safety risks are effectively minimized, and for ensuring that no degradation in performance from either a safety or environmental point of view might take place. The paper is focused on the safety-related aspect of CARTRONIC, the safety analysis. The output of the safety analysis is a Safety Architecture.