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The accuracy of FE (Finite Element) side impact dummy characteristics is important when using FE vehicle model for vehicle development. This study evaluated the response characteristics of FE SID-lls dummy (5TH female) model that was developed by FTSS using FE code PAM-CRASH™. This paper will describe improvements of computational evaluation method and FE dummy model in the sled tests simulated interior. For the various impact conditions, good correlation between FE calculation and the sled test results was obtained.

Double Layered Super Twisted Nematic LCD (D-STN) which can be operated by 1/128 duty ratio is presented. Two conflicting requirements; good visibility and a wide operating temperature range are fulfilled through optimization of cell parameters, such as twist angle, pretilt angle of liquid crystal to glass substrate and elastic properties of liquid crystal material. The response time of LCD decreases with increasing temperature. Hence at high temperature, the “frame response” phenomenon is observed and this results in reduction of contrast ratio. We propose multiple line selection (MLS) method for increasing in contrast ratio at high temperature.

The basic principles and characteristics of VHC (Very High Contrast) LCD technology have previously been introduced and presented. In this paper practical automotive display applications such as a primary instrument display (direct view display), HUD (Head-up display) and virtual image display utilizing this VHC technology are described. Through material development and optical optimization, a highly reflective instrument display, even in a blue-green color was acheived.As well, a high reliability HUD was developed.

A Double-Layered Super-Twisted Nematic (D-STN) LCD was developed for application in an automotive information display requiring the presentation of both character and symbolic information. Cell parameters were optimized to minimize the background transmission and to widen the operating temperature range. A contrast ratio exceeding 50:1 was achieved for temperature range of -30°C to 80°C. The viewing angle was found to be comparable to a conventional Twisted Nematic (TN) LCD multiplexed with a 1/2 duty cycle. Electro-optical properties, such as temperature dependence of the driving voltage and the response time have also been described.

The relation between device parameters and characteristics of VHC (Very High Contrast) LCD are described. In order to obtain high contrast ratio and wide viewing angle, the following parameters must be considered. cell gap optical anisotropy of liquid crystal material precise directions of polarization axes twist angle of liquid crystal The optimization of these parameters enabled the development of a VHC LCD which can be set obliquely in a dashboard to prevent surface reflections of the sun light. In this case, retardation of the support films of the polarizers must be taken into account. With control of the retardation, the driving voltage of the cell was reduced.