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All carbon and alloy H-band steels are shown, along with their corresponding minimum and maximum hardenability limits, for which sufficient hardenability data have been established and for grades which use the standard end-quench test. As hardenability data are accumulated for other grades, this SAE Standard will be revised to include such grades.

This SAE Information Report relates to hot-rolled steel bar products. It is intended as a guideline to assist in the selection and specification of hot-rolled steel bar; however, it is not to be interpreted as a material specification in itself.

Restricted hardenability steels have been in use for some time but the specific restrictions for a particular grade depend upon customer needs and vary from mill to mill. Such steels are desirable to provide more controlled heat treatment response and dimensional control for critical parts. Because of increasing interest in steels with restricted hardenability, the SAE Iron and Steel Technical Committee directed Division 8 to prepare a set of standard steels with restricted hardenability. In 1993, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) adopted the twelve SAE restricted hardenability steels and added ten more. SAE decided to include in SAE J1868 the additional 10 steels. In general, steels with restricted hardenability (RH steels) will exhibit a hardness range not greater than 5 HRC at the initial position on the end-quench hardenability bar and not greater than 65% of the hardness range for standard H-band steels (see SAE J1268) in the "inflection" region.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to provide basic information on properties and characteristics of high-strength carbon and alloy steels which have been subjected to special die drawing. This includes both cold drawing with heavier-than-normal drafts and die drawing at elevated temperatures.

This SAE Standard prescribes the procedure for making hardenability tests and recording results on shallow and medium hardening steels, but not deep hardening steels that will normally air harden. Included are procedures using the 25 mm (1 in) standard hardenability end-quench specimen for both medium and shallow hardening steels and subsize method for bars less than 32 mm (1-1/4 in) in diameter. Methods for determining case hardenability of carburized steels are given in SAE J1975. Any hardenability test made under other conditions than those given in this document will not be deemed standard and will be subject to agreement between supplier and user. Whenever check tests are made, all laboratories concerned must arrange to use the same alternate procedure with reference to test specimen and method of grinding for hardness testing.

In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division in collaboration with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) made a major change in the method of expressing composition ranges for the SAE steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower ladle analysis ranges plus certain product (check) analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of the fixed ranges and limits without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in SAE steels (reference SAE J408). ISTC Division 1 has developed a procedure which allows for the maintenance of the grade list in this SAE Standard. This will involve conducting an industry-wide survey to solicit input. This survey will be conducted at a frequency deemed necessary by the technical committee. Criteria have been established for the addition to or deletion of grades from the grade table.

This SAE Information Report provides a list of those SAE steels which, because of decreased usage, have been deleted from the standard SAE Handbook listings. Included are alloy steels from SAE J778 deleted since 1936, carbon steels from SAE J118 deleted since 1952, and all EX-steels deleted from SAE J1081. Information concerning SAE steels prior to these dates may be obtained from the SAE office on request. With the issuance of this report, SAE J778, Formerly Standard SAE Alloy Steels, and SAE J118, Formerly Standard SAE Carbon Steels, will be retired since they are now combined in SAE J1249. In the future, new assignments to SAE J1081, Chemical Compositions of SAE Experimental Steels, will be given “PS” (Potential Standard) numbers rather than “EX” numbers. The steels listed in Tables 1 and 2 are no longer considered as standard steels. Producers should be contacted concerning availability.

This SAE Standard covers the mechanical and physical requirements for Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) castings used in automotive and allied industries. Requirements in this document include: a Tensile Strength b Yield Strength c Elongation d Graphite Morphology

This SAE Standard defines the specifications for steel castings used in the automotive and allied industries.

This SAE Standard describes a new alphanumeric designation system for wrought steel used to designate wrought ferrous materials, identify chemical composition, and any other requirements listed in SAE Standards and Recommended Practices. The previous SAE steel designation coding system consisted of four or five numbers used to designate standard carbon and alloy steels specified to chemical composition ranges. Using SAE 1035 as an example, the 35 represents the nominal weight % carbon content for the grade. Using SAE 52100 as an example, the 100 represents the nominal weight % carbon content. The first two numbers of this four or five number series are used to designate the steel grade carbon or alloy system with variations in elements other than carbon. These are described in Table 1. In addition to the standard four or five number steel designation above, a letter was sometimes added to the grade code to denote a non-standard specific element being added to the standard grade.

This specification supplies engineers and designers with: a Poppet valve nomenclature b Poppet valve alloy designations c Chemical compositions of poppet valve alloys d A guide to valve alloy metallurgy and heat treatments e General information on properties of valve alloys f A guide to the application of valve alloys g A description of valve design and construction, and their relation to valve alloy selection h Valve gear design considerations that affect valves

This SAE Standard covers the hardness, chemical analysis and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings intended for high temperature service in automotive and allied industries. Commonly known as SiMo ductile iron, typical applications are in piston-engine exhaust manifolds and turbocharger parts. Castings may be specified in the as-cast or heat treated condition. For design purposes, the Appendix provides general information on the application of high temperature ductile iron castings, their processing conditions, chemical composition, mechanical properties and microstructure.

This SAE Standard covers the mechanical and physical property requirements for Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) castings used in automotive and allied industries. Specifically covered are: a Hardness b Tensile Strength c Yield Strength d Elongation e Modulus of Elasticity f Impact Energy g Microstructure In this document SI units are primary and in-lb units are derived. Appendix A provides general information and related resources on the microstructural, chemical and heat treatment requirements to meet the mechanical properties needed for ADI in particular service conditions and applications.

This SAE standard covers the minimum mechanical properties measured on separately cast test pieces of varying thickness and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings used in automotive and allied industries. Castings may be specified in the as-cast or heat-treated condition. If castings are heat-treated, prior approval from the customer is required. The appendix provides general information on chemical composition, microstructure and casting mechanical properties, as well as other information for particular service conditions. In this standard SI units are primary and in-lb units are derived.

The SAE Standards for aluminum casting alloys cover a wide range of castings for general and special use, but do not include all the alloys in commercial use. Over the years, aluminum alloys have been identified by many numbering systems as shown in Table 1. Presently, SAE is recommending the use of the UNS Numbering System to identify these materials. The castings are made principally by sand cast, permanent mold, or die cast methods; however, shell molding, investment casting, plaster cast, and other less common foundry methods may also be used. If the alloys listed do not have the desired characteristics, it is recommended that the manufacturers of aluminum castings be consulted.

This SAE Recommended Practice covers two levels of high strength structural low-alloy steel bars having minimum Yield Points of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and 450 MPa (65 ksi). The two strength levels are 345 and 450 MPa or 50 and 65 ksi minimum yield point. Different chemical compositions are used to achieve the specified mechanical properties. In some cases there are significant differences in chemical composition for the same strength level, depending on the fabricating requirements. It should be noted that although the mechanical properties for a steel grade sourced from different suppliers may be the same, the chemical composition may vary significantly. The fabricator should be aware that certain compositional differences may effect the forming, welding, and/or service requirements of the material. It is therefore recommended that the fabricator consult with the producer to understand the effect of chemical composition.

This standard covers the hardness and microstructural requirements for malleable iron castings - ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades used in automotive and allied industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this SAE Standard. The Appendix provides general information on the application of malleable iron castings and their chemical composition to meet hardness, microstructure, and other properties needed for particular service conditions. The mechanical properties in the Appendix are provided for design purposes. The specific grades, hardness range, and final heat treatment are shown in Table 1.

This standard1 describes the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for a wide range of wrought copper and copper alloys used in the automotive and related industries.

For convenience, this SAE Information Report is presented in two parts as shown below. To avoid repetition, however, data applicable to both wrought and cast alloys is included only in Part 1. Part I—Wrought Copper and Copper Alloys Types of Copper (Table 1) General Characteristics (Table 3) Electrical Conductivity Thermal Conductivity General Mechanical Properties (Table 10) Yield Strength Fatigue Strength Physical Properties (Table 2) General Fabricating Properties (Table 3) Formability Bending Hot Forming Machinability Joining Surface Finishing Color Corrosion Resistance Effect of Temperature Typical Uses (Table 3) Part II—Cast Copper Alloys Types of Casting Alloys Effects of Alloy Elements and Impurities General Characteristics (Table 11) Physical Properties (Table 12) Typical Uses (Table 11)

This SAE Standard covers the hardness, tensile strength, and microstructure and special requirements of gray iron sand molded castings used in the automotive and allied industries. Specific requirements are provided for hardness of castings. Test bar tensile strength/Brinell hardness (t/h) ratio requirements are provided to establish a consistent tensile strength-hardness relationship for each grade to facilitate prediction and control of tensile strength in castings. Provision is made for specification of special additional requirements of gray iron automotive castings where needed for particular applications and service conditions. NOTE—This document was revised in 1993 to provide grade specific t/h control. In 1999 the document was revised to make SI metric units primary.