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We succeeded in creating of a very small wiper system for a CCD camera. The source of driving force of it is a vibration phenomenon of a piezoelectric element. In this paper, we will describe the structure and motion of our newly proposed wiper system and the fundamental motion of a piezoelectric element in it. And in order to clarify the driving principle, we carried out a theoretical analysis using the Principle of Hamilton. As a result, a driving mechanism was found, that is, when the blade displaces at a high angular velocity into one direction, the shaft rotates in the opposite direction. We were able to confirm the driving mechanism also by experiments.

A small four-stroke engine capable of all positional operation has been developed. The engine for hand held equipment provides easy maneuverability like two-stroke engines which are dominated in the small engine market. The developed technologies include the following items. ① 360° all positional operation by adopting a new lubrication system. ② Light-weight with a thin uni-block cylinder, etc. ③ Normal operation at more than 10,000 rpm and at low and medium revolution range are combined by high output with a wide torque band. Equally easy handling and better workability compared with the conventional two-stroke engines are achieved. In addition, better starting reliability, drastically improved emission, and half-reduction of running costs are also confirmed.