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The influence of ultrasonic vibration on the freezing temperature of hydrate, disodium hydrogenphosphate 12-water, is investigated for the purpose of the application to long-term thermal energy storage. Four different frequencies and different sound power are tested to the super-cooled material. Experimental results show that the freezing temperature of the hydrate is independent of the cooling rate, and any meaningful change of the freezing temperature is not observed under the ultrasonic vibration. Like other researches on distilled water, the freezing temperature of the hydrate tends to be lower as the volume of the sample becomes smaller.

In this study, the authors concluded that a super energy-efficient vehicle (SEEV) with fuel economy more than 100km/liter could be possible with the present technology level. The new environmentally-compatible vehicle was designed to mitigate urban warming, air pollution and CO2 emissions in the urban area. The authors evaluated optimal specifications of the new concept energy-efficient electric vehicle (EV) equipped with flywheel and photovoltaic (PV) cell and also reported the results of the running simulations for the proposed vehicle. The proposed SEEV will be very promising to mitigate urban and global warming, and toconserve fossil fuel consumption.

This paper describes a microscopic modeling for urban surface layer, where a lot of various structures (i.e. building, bridge, pavement, and other facilities) exist. The authors found out a structural similarity between urban structure and porous media. Flow model and method of analysis in porous media were applied to the microscopic modeling for urban surface layer. First, 2-D numerical study was conducted on unsteady natural convection. Resultant model will be used for more precise 3-D computer simulation of urban warming and urban planning.