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The particulate matters (PM) containing in the exhaust gas through a CI engine affects strongly the human health. Thus, it is very significant to measure the mechanism of PM itself generation for actualization of a clean CI engine. On the standpoint mentioned above, the authors carried out the experiments of the characteristics of PM generated from a small high speed DI CI engine with a single cylinder. The variables were the equivalence ratio, the injection timing, the EGR rate and the sort of fuel. As a result, the effect of experimental condition on the distribution of PM is clear through experiments.

This paper describes the soot behavior in a diesel flame. The experiments were carried out in a constant volume chamber with quiescent atmosphere. Parameters were the ambient temperature and the oxygen concentration. The integrated image of flame was taken, the natural emission of flame was detected and the KL factor was found by means of classical technique of laser light extinction. The results were discussed by use of the apparent rate of heat release. As a result, the ignition delay and the vortex with large scale generated in a diesel spray affect the soot behavior in a diesel flame.

We are developing a method of diagnosing fuel-cell deterioration in phosphoric-acid-fuel-cell (PAFC) power plants that use a small single cell, based on measuring its current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. As the fuel-cell deteriorates, the coefficient k in the linear equation (V=kI+V0), which approximates the I-V characteristics, increases and the constant V0 decreases. Thus k and V0 can be used for diagnosis as well as the cell voltage. The ratio of the maximum power to the rated power PMAX/PR approaches 1.0 as fuel-cell deterioration proceeds. Therefore, PMAX/PR can be used as a parameter for predicting fuel-cell lifetime when the minimum output power PMIN during fuel-cell power generation is given.

Following a small scouting programme to examine the scale of emissions benefits achievable by different degrees of gasoline base fuel redesign (SAE 930372), a larger programme has been initiated to investigate more systematically the influence of individual fuel parameters on tailpipe emissions. This coordinated study has been spread across five participating Shell Group laboratories, using a set of common fuels specifically designed and centrally blended for this purpose. Additionally, subsets of these fuels have been used for detailed systematic examination of selected topics within the overall programme scope. This paper summarises the plan for the integrated study. It describes the composition and properties of the fuels and their blending. The results covered here are those of chassis dynamometer-based regulated emissions studies conducted on a composite fleet designed to represent a range of vehicle technologies, using a variety of regulatory driving cycles.