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In recent years, there has been a considerable effort to develop and introduce alternative renewable fuel, to replace conventional petroleum based fuels. This led to the choice of non-edible mahua oil (MO) as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel oil in India. When MO was used as fuel in the compression ignition (CI), it results in lower thermal efficiency and higher smoke emission due to its higher viscosity and lower volatility. Hence in the present work, biodiesel was derived from MO using transesterification process and the effect of injector nozzle opening pressure (IOP) on the performance of the direct injection (Dl), CI engine was studied. The engine tests were conducted on a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water cooled, diesel engine, which is used in the agricultural machinery, at different IOPs and loads. The engine performance with MO biodiesel was compared with neat diesel operation.