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The five year development of NAVMATE from 1989 through its deployment as GUIDESTAR in the 1995 Oldsmobile 88 is discussed within the context of three development phases of hardware and software. In Phase I, fundamental issues of the turn-by-turn route guidance concept and the factors affecting vehicle positioning were assessed. In Phase II, prototype hardware that utilized the CRT display and touch screen of the 1992 Trofeo were built to test customer response. The aftermarket installation design of Phase III (current design) focussed on a simplified man-machine interface, ease of system installation and removal and robust performance. This design provided the basis for the Oldsmobile GUIDESTAR System.

In the first half of the next century, Mankind will expand its sphere of existence to the Moon and space, and they will stand on Mars and study the other planets. Then, humans will inevitably be required to live for long periods, two years or more, in micro-gravity and/or low gravity environments. However, it is well known that such micro or low gravity environments adversely affect human physiology and psychology. The longer the period the greater such effects are and these can result in serious health problems. To improve living conditions in space by generating artificial gravity will be important to solving these problems.

In the Closed Ecological Life Support System ( CELSS ) concepts which have been proposed up to now, most of the foods to be provided to the crew have been based on plant and vegetable produce. In this paper, a snail breeding module which will serve, as a subsystem of CELSS, to provide the space crew with animal nutrients has been studied. As a source of nutrition for the crew, snails have various advantages over other animal species. Snails can normally be bred in a limited space and they are insensitive to the lack of oxygen and feed. In this breeding module, a species of snail ( Helix pomatia ) will grow, mature, mate and reproduce. In order to minimize the crew's work, automated operations for feeding, cleaning wastes, handling snails and their spawn, as well as for the maintenace of the module, will be applied. A submodule which processes snails for food production is also studied.

It is certain that in future space missions such as long-term stationing in a lunar base, the need for comfortable living quarters, quality varied meals, as well as exercise or sports, will become critically important for the crew's mental and physical well-being. Future lunar crews with clearly defined functions and tasks to be performed as part of a daily routine will have many hours of leisure time to spend reading, listening to music, watching TV or engaging in artistic activities including painting and playing musical instruments. This paper reports on the crew's needs for lunar base life in terms of food, clothing, housing, communication, and mental and physical requirements. We have divided each of these items, or sectors, into three parts; namely, basal life, passive pursuits, and active pursuits. It is our belief that human needs develop to a higher degree of freedom and options as the requirements expand from basal life to passive pursuits, and to active pursuits.