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This paper provides an insight into the design of a compound combustion chamber, with square and circular cavities, for use in a direct-injection diesel engine. Automotive diesel engines using square combustion chamber design have shown improvement in oxides of nitrogen and particulate exhaust emissions. In spite of this, neither the quality of mixture formation in such chambers nor the relationship between the engine performance and combustion chamber designs have been adequately addressed. Compound combustion chambers have potential to combine attributes of square and circular chambers to provide improved engine performance. An experimental study, based on liquid injection technique (LIT), was conducted to evaluate mixture formation in compound combustion chambers of different designs. These chambers have square geometry of depth "h" at the top and a curricular cavity at the bottom, with the total chamber depth being "H."

Several different shaped impinging nozzle heads have been studied. A small impinging nozzle head supported by single stay shows a good spray distribution, and economic fuel consumption under middle engine loads and all engine speeds In a single cylinder DI diesel engine without air swirl Intake system.

A new impinging nozzle head attached on a normal injection nozzle was designed for improving the performance and combustion of DI diesel engine. Since the fuel is directly injected to the nozzle head at a very short distance from a spray tip of nozzle in a DI diesel engine, the fuel particles will be improved in spray diffusion and distribution. In the case of a prototype injection nozzle with four orifices, the spray angle from each orifice is narrow and similar to the shape of conifer's leaves. By using of the new designed impinging nozzle head, however, an improved spray angle and distribution of fuel and a better starting performance at very low temperature have been observed.