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Diesel powered vehicles are increasingly present in the current freight and leisure transportation scenario. To face the new market needs and restricted legal emission limits, the demand for new technologies is one of the greatest challenges of the diesel development. The Legislation in both developed and developing countries is being continuously revised, in order to reduce the emissions and particulate matter of the engines. Another relevant fact is that many countries currently have similar or even identical emission limits. Both facts drive to new technologies research opportunities. Non-fossil fuels, called biofuels, are becoming increasingly an economically viable option. Their molecular chain has less carbon and more oxygen, therefore they have different physical properties compared to the regular diesel.