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Formerly, the Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil (HVO) blended fuels has been studied by running the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and found that the higher HVO blended fuel can suppress NOX, lowering the particulate matter (PM) while improving the vehicle fuel economy. The result also shown that the 20% HVO + 5%FAME blended with diesel fuel has been proven to compatible with the advance diesel engine technology via the severe engine durability tests and fuel injection system tests. Therefore, the effects of two paraffinic diesel fuels, which are Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) and Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil (HVO), on a common-rail DI diesel engine have been mainly focused in this work. The main objective of this work was to study the relationships between fuel properties and theirs combustion characteristics by analyzing cylinder pressure data and exhaust emissions intensively.

New green fuel technology derived from bio-based oil so-called Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel or BHD has been successfully formulated and evaluated with the Euro IV light-duty pick-up diesel common-rail engines and vehicles. Research program has been separated into 4 main working groups which compose of the fuel formulation group, the material compatibility group, the engine and fuel system evaluation group and the vehicle emission/drive-ability and durability group. The effects of target BHD blended fuel on advance technology diesel engine compared with standard biodiesel B5 fuel used in Thailand have been fully evaluated by a reputable car manufacturer and national oil company in Thailand. The formulation of BHD target could achieve the requirement of Department of Energy Business (DOEB), Ministry of Energy Thailand diesel specification both physical and chemical properties.

This study describes the development of engine test applicable to motorcycles. Due to the dramatically stringent of emission regulation, the aim of this development is to develop the engine test specifically for motorcycles based on the unconventional fuel, of which test results is comparable to field trial test results. Furthermore, this developed engine test is able to distinguish the engine oil in each performance level. Resulting in this comparison the newly development of engine test is comparable to field trial in aspects of detergency, anti-wear performance, and oil consumption.

Biodiesel is widely used as a diesel component worldwide as well as in Thailand. Even there are so many research papers studied about biodiesel combustion, performance and emission, the various sources of biodiesel and engine technologies makes it more complicated to conclude how biodiesel combustion react to the engine behavior, especially for transient state operation. Some of biodiesel user feels that the presence of biodiesel component in diesel fuel influence on poor engine driveability even only 5% V/V. While, there is a few publications comment on the low sensitivity of diesel fuel ignition delay quality when running with advance diesel common-rail DI engine. The first experiment was done on low pressure diesel combustion which represented the conventional diesel technology, aiming to study the effect of fuel injection pressure on biodiesel combustion. The results shown that, the higher content of biodiesel blended fuel has no significant effect on diesel combustion.

The higher portion of biodiesel blended fuel will result in lower power output since biodiesel itself has lower energy input (B20 gave about 3% lower torque output at peak torque speed). In the ELR (Engine Load Response) Test Cycle, biodiesel blended fuel emitted less smoke than diesel fuel, while CO and NOx emission of biodiesel blended fuel and diesel fuel are comparable. Biodiesel particulate matter (PM) seemed to be higher than diesel fuel. In addition, additized biodiesel blended fuels (B5, B10 and B20) proved qualitative in oxidation stability, acid value, etc. Biodiesel specific lubricant confirmed its functions by evaluating the viscosity increase, fuel dilution, TAN, TBN and wear metal content during engine durability test. The used oil analysis affirmed that the lubricant could effectively be used with particular biodiesel blended fuel in advanced, heavy-duty common-rail DI diesel engines.

The special blended fuel - gasohol E10 (RON 91) used for the test was prepared to the gasoline RON 91 specification. The test vehicles were six four-stroke motorcycles. Testing results for motorcycle emissions, performance and driveability were compared with gasoline RON 91. Furthermore, the four-stroke and two-stroke motorcycle engines were tested for their durability and performance, comparing gasoline and gasohol E10. The chemical properties of the specially blended gasohol E10 was almost the same as gasoline RON 91 except the 3% lower heating value and the lower stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio, i.e., 14.2 for gasohol E10 and 14.6 for gasoline RON 91. The results of vehicle performance and emissions comparing gasohol E10 and gasoline RON 91 showed that gasohol E10 had better fuel economy when operating with the low to medium speed conditions.