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Data is information that has been recorded in a form or format convenient to move or process. It is important to distinguish between data and the format. The format is a structured way to record information, such as engineering drawings and other documents, software, pictures, maps, sound, and animation. Some formats are open source, others proprietary. Regardless of the format, there are three broad types of data. Table 1 lists these types of data and provides examples. DM, from the perspective of this standard, consists of the disciplined processes and systems utilized to plan for, acquire, and provide management and oversight for product and product-related business data, consistent with requirements, throughout the product and data life cycles. Thus, this standard primarily addresses product data and the business data required for stakeholder collaboration extending through the supply chain during product acquisition and sustainment life cycle.

This document provides guidance in the developing, managing, controlling and transmitting of data in the current electronic environment.

The federal government and industry have moved to concurrent acquisition and development processes using integrated process teams (IPTs). These processes are supported by timely, accurate, cross functional access to data within an integrated data environment (IDE) enabled by advances in information technology (IT). Since the advent of acquisition reform in 1994, Data Management (DM) practices have evolved from being directed by a prescriptive set of standards and procedures to use of the guidance in a principles-based standard -- ANSI/EIA 859.

GEIA Handbook 859 provides implementation guidance for ANSI/EIA 859, with discussions of applications of the standard's principles, tools, examples, and case studies. Handbook 859 is organized according to the lifecycle of data management and covers activities from the pre-RFP stage through records disposition.

Data is information (e.g., concepts, thoughts, and opinions) that have been recorded in a form that is convenient to move or process. Data may represent tables of values of various types (numbers, characters, and so on). Data can also take more complex forms such as engineering drawings and other documents, software, pictures, maps, sound, and animation. For the purpose of this standard, Table 1 lists three broad types of data, indicates how each is used, and provides examples of each. Data management, from the perspective of this standard, consists of the disciplined processes and systems that plan for, acquire, and provide stewardship for product and product-related business data, consistent with requirements, throughout the product and data life cycles. Thus, this standard primarily addresses product data and the business data required for collaboration from the team level or extended through the trading partner level during product acquisition and sustainment.

As an integral part of the evolution to ANSI/GEIA-859 and the new environment, data management ensures that appropriate information support is available. Data requirements are established that ensure that data are properly timed and accessible, and provide the necessary visibility. The integrity of the data must be ensured regardless of their physical location. The DM process, implemented with rapidly maturing technologies, makes information available sooner and facilitates information sharing. It controls the digital format and the procedures necessary to exchange, index, store, and distribute or provide access to data.