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The objective of the research described in this paper was to develop a reliable method to evaluate the residual stress existing in an axisymmetric body from measurements of the post-grinding deformation. The developed method is based on finite element analysis and utilizes the concept of influence coefficients. What makes the method attractive is that it does not require fine division of the body into finite elements, and that it utilizes rather limited information on the post-grinding deformation. For example, quite accurate results can be obtained from measuring changes in diameter for five different cross sections of a cylinder. The developed method was tested by Monte Carlo simulation. The residual stress, the post-grinding deformation and the measurements were all generated and simulated by a computer. The paper provides a detailed description of the method and lists practical hints on how to avoid pitfalls in developing similar procedures.