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When a motorcycle runs with hands free riding, the change of the handle deflection angle is interlocked with the vehicle body (frame) bank angle, which is operated by the rider lean angle and caused by the disturbance of road surface. In this report, the motion of the rider who maintains the upright stability of a motorcycle in hands free and hold grips running at low speeds was studied from the experiment with measuring the vehicle frame bank angle, the rider's lean angle and the handle deflection angle, and the rider's feeling evaluation concerning the stability.

Soot formation process was examined by high speed photographs, using a single cumbustion diesel engine with a transparent swirl chamber. Fuel-air mixture and flames, and soot clouds were visualized by the schlieren method and the back-illuminated method, respectively. A three dimensional simulation program with soot formation and oxidation models was developed to clarify diesel soot formation processes. The models consist of several models previously proposed and partly improved in this study. Good agreement was obtained between calculated and experimental results. The following points were clarified through observation and numerical studies: (1) The main soot area is considerably smaller than luminous flame area, especially in the initial soot formation process. (2) The main soot cloud first appears in the tip region of fuel-air mixture, downstream of ignition position a few submilliseconds after the ignition.