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This paper concerns a torque control of a rear wheel of a motorcycle equipped with a rubber/aramid belt electronically-controlled continuous variable transmission where a primary sheave position is controlled by an electric motor. In particular, the paper discusses a method to calculate a required engine torque and a required primary sheave position, given reference values of a rear-wheel torque and an engine rotational velocity. The method forms a foundation of a hierarchized traction control where a higher control layer decides an optimal motorcycle motion (rear-wheel torque and engine rotational velocity) and a lower control layer realizes the motion by actuators (engine torque and primary sheave position). Difficulties of the control are due to large mechanical compliance of the rubber/aramid belt, which leads to an inevitable lag from the primary sheave position to a speed reduction ratio.

This study deals with reduced-order modeling of intake air dynamics in single-cylinder four-stroke naturally-aspirated spark-ignited engines without surge tanks. It provides an approximate calculation method for embedded micro computers to estimate intake manifold pressures in real time. The calculation method is also applicable to multi-cylinder engines with individual throttle bodies since the engines can be equated with parallelization of the single-cylinder engines. In this paper, we illustrate the intake air dynamics, describe a method to estimate the intake manifold pressures, and show experimental results of the method.

Diesel fuel injection control systems, which are one of the expected solutions for meeting emission regulations, and achieving economical fuel consumption, consist of many parameters. To optimize this system, we have developed an adaptive multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) method for real-time optimization. This method provides Pareto approximation set for the required objectives. Thus engine specifications can be precisely measured and minimize evaluation time. Pre-selection, which is an acceleration method for MOGA, is employed. By using this method we achieved the faster search of three-stage injection sets and PID controller gain.

Today, environmental issues have become major global issues. Under these social circumstances, restrictions on vehicles powered by internal-combustion engines have become increasingly stringent. While, many models of motorcycle are intended for hobbyists, and enjoyment is a major factor in the appeal of these products. So it is necessary to simultaneously realize improved environmental performance and heightened enjoyment. Therefore, the authors focused on controlling the richness of the mixture, the air-fuel ratio. In the case of intake port-injection engines, it is common these days to control fuel injection using a fuel model that takes fuel adhered in the intake port into consideration, in order to control the air-fuel ratio. When this method of control is used, it is necessary to derive the ratio of injected fuel that adheres inside the intake pipe and the ratio of adhered fuel that is drawn into the cylinder.