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With the increase of altitude (above sea level), atmospheric pressure decreases, which leads to a reduction of the air amount inhaled into the cylinder of diesel engines. Thereby the pressure, the temperature of the cylinder in diesel engines and the density of the mixture decrease correspondingly, so that there are differences between the combustion processes which naturally aspirated and supercharged diesel engines operate at different altitude regions. The combustion processes of diesel engines at different altitude regions have been studied by means of a micro-computer controlled atmosphere-simulating system on engines. The achieved conclusions serve to clarify some of the uncertainties about the combustion processes of diesel engines in plateau regions and contribute to solve some of the problems that diesel engines have when working in plateau regions.