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In earlier work we have shown that engine operation with oxygenated fuels (e.g., biodiesel) reduces the particulate matter (PM) emissions and extends the engine tolerance to exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) before it reaches smoke limited conditions. The same result has also been reported when high cetane number fuels such as gas-to-liquid (GTL) are used. A likely mechanism for engine-out particulate growth is the reintroduction of particle nuclei into the cylinder through EGR. These recirculated PM particles serve as sites for further condensation and accumulation promoting larger and greater number of particles. In order to further our understanding of EGR influence on total PM production, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) was integrated into the EGR loop. A PM reduction of approximately 50% (soot) was achieved with diesel fuel through filtered EGR, whilst still maintaining a significant NOX reduction.

Vehicles such as trucks, buses and cars often get struck up in muddy trenches or in snow with one of wheels in the trench and the other on level ground. With an open differential, driver's effort to pull the vehicle out normally ends up with one wheel, which is rotating still going deeper into the trench. Until now Limited Slip Differentials (LSD), Locked Differentials and Viscous Coupling etc. have been used to overcome this difficulty but with limited success. Incorporating logic devices has developed a novel solution to this problem and the traction on the required wheel is achieved automatically. The system works independently of the conventional brakes.