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Electric vehicles(EVs) are expected to be effective in reducing various atmospheric emissions, but the extent of their advantages depends on the energy mix used in electric power generation. In this study, we first estimated the atmospheric emissions resulting from the use of EVs under the present energy mix. We then investigated the cost-effectiveness of EVs and other alternative fuel vehicles under the assumption that the structure of the present energy system was modified. EVs are apromising mode of future transportation and continuous efforts should be directed toward their development. At the same time, efforts must be made to reduce atmospheric emissions from power generation before EVs come into widespread use in the market.