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Distortion is an intrinsic and undesired effect of the welding process, inducing residual stresses and hence, reducing the fatigue life of the welded structure. This distortion however, does not occurs simultaneously among the entire structure; instead, it occurs gradually during the execution of the welding chord. Due to this, equal structures, but composed by weld chords executed in a different sequencing, presents different residual stresses and therefore, different fatigue performances. This study proposes a method, using finite elements model (CAE), to capture the non-linear distortions of distinct welding sequences and contrast the diverse impacts in fatigue life.

This study presents the comparison of vehicle handling performance results obtained using physical test tire data and a tire model developed by means of Finite Element Method. Real tires have been measured in laboratory to obtain the tire force and moment curves in terms of lateral force and align torque as function of tire slip angle and vertical force. The same tire construction has been modeled with Finite Element Method and explicit formulation to generate the force and moment response curves. Pacejka Magic Formula tire response models were then created to represent these curves from both physical and virtual tires. In the sequence, these tire response models were integrated into a virtual multibody vehicle model developed to assess handling maneuvers.