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Modern air intake systems require active air management to solve the contrary development goals of a high performance engine and to comply with sound emission regulations. Therefore at various locations in the air ducts, flaps and other switching devices tune the air management system according to the engine performance. The conventional vacuum actuators are more and more replaced by electrical systems due to assembly and packaging advantages and the lack of vacuum in critical engine situations. The development goal was to design a highly integrated system where the actuator is located inside the switching device in the first case a butterfly flap. The design consists of a fixed stator shaft with integrated coils, connectors and injection molded fasteners and bearings. The system is designed for extreme packaging requirements, because outside no additional device has to be assembled. The system is promising significantly lower costs than conventional systems.

Latest developments in oil filtration are moving from the conventional spin-on filter to a filter housing with an exchangeable filter element. This new filter element is designed almost entirely of the actual filter media. The so-called metal-free element can be disposed of easily and completely through incineration and, therefore, provides a great environmental and economical solution. In this paper two principles of metal-free elements are compared using a life cycle assessment. Analysis shows that in all categories the thermoset-cured design has advantages versus the nylon 6 injection molded version, even if 100% post consumer nylon is used.