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Recently published SAE Recommended Practice J2562 - SAE Biaxial Wheel Test standardized the terminology, equipment, and test procedure for the biaxial wheel test. This test was originally presented by Fraunhofer Institut Betriebsfestigkeit - LBF (Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability) in SAE paper 830135 “Automotive Wheels, Method and Procedure for Optimal Design and Testing”. The first release of SAE J2562 included a generic, scalable load file applicable to wheels designed for five to eight passenger vehicles with capacity to carry a proportional amount of luggage or ballast. Future releases of SAE J2562 would include two additional load files; one applicable to light trucks that have substantial cargo capacity and one for sports cars typically limited to two passengers and marginal luggage. This report details the process used to develop the SAE Biaxial Wheel Test Load File for passenger vehicles.

The SAE J175 Impact Test in its original and revised form was developed to simulate side impact on wheels under vehicle roll-over conditions. Wheel users and manufacture's have tried to use J175 test fixture, with 90 degree impact, to evaluate the performance of the rim during frontal pot hole or curb impacts. With drop mass so high and the velocity so low there has been poor correlation with actual field testing. A lower mass higher velocity impact test has been developed that effectively reproduces road hazard impact damage under controlled and reproducible conditions. This paper provides readers with the background information that led to the development of the new Road Hazard Impact Test - SAE Recommended Practice J1981.