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With the increased demand of mobility in the form of two-wheelers and the continued dominant share of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) in Indian market, there is considerable influence on the deterioration of air quality. The regulators in this region have legislated Bharat Stage 6 (BS6) as a measure to restrict tail pipe emissions, which necessitates the automotive industry to work towards emission optimization measures. Some of the factors influencing this includes, air-fuel mixture formation, spray targeting, fuel properties, flow dynamics, combustion chemical kinetics, exhaust after-treatment etc. The focus area of this paper is to study the influence of air-fuel mixture formation which is highly dependent on fuel droplet atomization, injection timing, fuel injector, injection pressure and mixture preparation techniques to reduce the engine out emissions.