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Available information in the literature has been reviewed to understand the effect of gasoline composition (olefins, aromatics and benzene) on the exhaust emissions from two and four wheeled vehicles. Studies show that isolating the effect of an individual compositional characteristics may be difficult. Aromatics in the exhaust could be correlated with the aromatics in the fuel. The benzene and toluene fractions in the exhaust were sometimes more than in the fuel because of dealkylation of higher alkyl aromatics. The olefins fraction in the exhaust were also observed to be more than in the fuel. The olefin fraction was noted to be directly proportional to the sum of olefins and paraffins in the fuel, and, inversely proportional to the aromatics. Exhaust emissions of benzene may be due to benzene content in the fuel or benzene formation during combustion or over the catalytic converter due to dehydroalkylation of the alkyl benzene.

Biofuels like ethanol are widely used as blended with gasoline in many countries. The consumption of diesel fuel in India is two and half times to that of gasoline and any small reduction in the consumption of diesel fuel, with use of renewable fuels like ethanol as a blend, enhances the energy security of this country. With the use of suitable chemicals as emulsifying agent for preparing a stable blend of ethanol in diesel and also by adding the additives such as cetane improver and lubricity improver, it is possible to use ethanol in diesel. This paper describes the performance evaluation of 5%ethanol-diesel blend in tractors with respect to the engine's power output, fuel economy and emissions. The cold startability tests in climatic chamber at 0°C were also done in order to see the startability of ethanol diesel blend under low temperature applications. It was observed that there is marginal reduction in the CO and PM emission with a marginal increase in the NOx emissions.

India is having a large population of two stroke cycle engines. Before the advent of two stroke engine oils in India, motor oils were used to be mixed alongwith gasoline for two stroke engine lubrication for those vehicles having premixed type of lubrication system. The motor oils due to the high ash containing additives give rise to problems like pre-ignition, spark plug whiskering and combustion chamber deposits thereby leading to frequent breakdown of engines for maintenance. During the '8∅s the development of two stroke engine oils was taken up and the two stroke oils, confirming to ASTM/CEC standards, were introduced in the market. Due to the diversified designs of the two stroke engines owing their origin to both European and Japanese engine builders, it was felt necessary to have the Indian standards for two stroke engine oils comprising tests that incorporate both these types of engines.