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The effects of aromatics and mid-range volatility (E100) were investigated in a fleet of sixteen prototype European gasoline vehicles calibrated to meet the 1996 European emissions limits. A 3x3 fuel matrix was blended with independently varying aromatics and E100, other fuel properties being held constant. The test fleet was chosen with a wide variation in emissions, and vehicles fitted with close-coupled catalysts gave lowest emissions. There was also a wide variation in vehicle response to fuel properties. High HC emissions on some vehicles for fuels with low E100 (35% v/v) were attributed to driveability problems caused by these fuels. Reducing aromatics reduced composite cycle fleet average emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Total Hydrocarbons (THC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) but increased Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). Increasing volatility reduced HC emissions, increased NOx, had no effect on Carbon Dioxide and showed minimum CO at 50% v/v aromatics.