Energy and Environmental Impacts of Electric Vehicle Battery Production and Recycling 951865
Electric vehicle batteries use energy and generate environmental residuals when they are produced and recycled. This study estimates, for four selected battery types (advanced lead-acid, sodium-sulfur, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-metal hydride), the impacts of production and recycling of the materials used in electric vehicle batteries. These impacts are compared, with special attention to the locations of the emissions. It is found that the choice among batteries for electric vehicles involves tradeoffs among impacts. For example, although the nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries are similar, energy requirements for production of the cadmium electrodes may be higher than those for the metal hydride electrodes, but the latter may be more difficult to recycle.
Citation: Gaines, L. and Singh, M., "Energy and Environmental Impacts of Electric Vehicle Battery Production and Recycling," SAE Technical Paper 951865, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/951865. Download Citation
Author(s):
Linda Gaines, Margaret Singh
Affiliated:
Argonne National Lab.
Pages: 12
Event:
1995 Total Life Cycle Conference and Exposition
ISSN:
0148-7191
e-ISSN:
2688-3627
Also in:
Proceedings of the 1995 Total Life Cycle Conference-P-293
Related Topics:
Nickel-metal hydride batteries
Electric vehicles
Batteries
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