Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Strategies for Heavy-Duty Transportation: Engine and System Level Perspective 2024-26-0175
Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2ICE) offer a cost-effective solution to decarbonize transport by combining a lower carbon intensity fuel with mature and established internal combustion engine technology. While vehicles running with hydrogen have been demonstrated over the years, this fuel's physical and chemical properties require modifications and upgrades on the vehicle from an engine and system-level perspective. In addition, market-specific regulatory and economic factors can also constrain the realization of optimal hydrogen powertrain architectures. Therefore, this paper reviews the impact of hydrogen use on combustion, injection, air management, and after-treatment systems, indicating the different strategies used to enable effective H2ICE strategies from an efficiency, cost, and safety standpoint. Specifically, swirl and tumble-based combustion systems using port fuel injection, low-pressure, and high-pressure direct injection are discussed to review performance, cost, and maturity trade-offs. Additionally, a thorough overview of the possibilities enabled by clean sheet design versus development based on base diesel and natural gas engines is presented. Finally, Indian market-specific regulations and use cases are also discussed from a technology and total cost of ownership perspective to evaluate practical considerations such as ease of operation, payload reduction, and dwell time.
Citation: Sari, R., Shah, A., Kumar, P., Cleary, D. et al., "Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Strategies for Heavy-Duty Transportation: Engine and System Level Perspective," SAE Technical Paper 2024-26-0175, 2024, https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0175. Download Citation
Author(s):
Rafael Sari, Ashish Shah, Praveen Kumar, David Cleary, Sandeep Rairikar, Shailesh Balkrishna Sonawane, Sukrut S Thipse
Affiliated:
Aramco Services Co., Aramco Americas Co., Automotive Research Association of India
Event:
Symposium on International Automotive Technology
ISSN:
0148-7191
e-ISSN:
2688-3627
Related Topics:
Hydrogen engines
Gas engines
Internal combustion engines
Combustion and combustion processes
Fuel injection
Engines
Powertrains
Materials properties
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