Comparative Analysis of Different Methodologies to Calculate Lambda (λ) Based on Extensive And systemic Experimentation on a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine 2023-01-0340
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines (H2-ICEs) are subject to increased attention thanks to their extremely low criteria pollutant emission and near-zero CO2 tailpipe emissions. However, to further minimize exhaust emissions and increase the efficiency of a H2-ICE, it is important to carefully control the relative air-fuel ratio of operation, i.e. Lambda (λ), which will lead in turn to an optimal combustion process. The precise λ control mainly relies upon the methodology to calculate λ on board of the engine, where the availability of reliable sensors specifically-developed for hydrogen combustion is currently limited. In this article, a comparative analysis of different methodologies for the calculation of λ is performed, comparing four methodologies: exhaust gas analysis through a Spindt-Brettschneider approach (λEMI), raw Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (λR-UEGO), processed Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (λP-UEGO) and speed-density (λSD) outputs. The experimental data used to compare the four methodologies were acquired through detailed and systematic experimentation on a fully-instrumented single-cylinder H2-ICE. Results show that the λP-UEGO is the closest one to the reference Spindt-Brettschneider analysis λEMI and the most robust to ample variations in the nominal λ values. The sensor’s raw UEGO output λR-UEGO is instead affected by the sensor calibration which is usually performed across a range of carbon-based fuels, a procedure that introduces a bias. The results can be used for the selection of the correct methodology to calculate λ in a H2-ICE and to choose optimal sensors for mobile applications.
Citation: Azeem, N., Beatrice, C., Vassallo, A., Pesce, F. et al., "Comparative Analysis of Different Methodologies to Calculate Lambda (λ) Based on Extensive And systemic Experimentation on a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-0340, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0340. Download Citation
Author(s):
Naqash Azeem, Carlo Beatrice, Alberto Vassallo, Francesco Pesce, Gessaroli Davide, Chiara Guido, Riccardo Rossi PhD
Affiliated:
Parthenope Uni of Naples,CNR STEMS,PUNCH, Punch Torino SpA, Punch Hydrocells
Event:
WCX SAE World Congress Experience
ISSN:
0148-7191
e-ISSN:
2688-3627
Related Topics:
Hydrogen engines
Combustion and combustion processes
Air / fuel ratio
Exhaust emissions
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