Modeling and Analysis of Fully Electric and Hydrogen-Powered Bradley Fighting Vehicles 2023-01-0119

As the U.S. Army moves to electrify portions of its vehicle fleet, it is worth considering the heavier combat vehicles. However, the high power demand of these vehicles coupled with the relatively low energy density of modern batteries result in electric vehicles with limited range and functionality. Hydrogen-based fuel cells are an alternative to batteries that can provide many of the same environmental and logistical benefits associated with electrification. This study models the energy consumption for two variants of the M2A4 Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV). The first variant is powered by a hydrogen-based Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; the second variant is powered through lithium-ion batteries. These models account for vehicle weight, accelerative forces, drag, road grade, tractive losses, and ancillary equipment and are compared against a conventional M2A4 BFV. The analysis also considers the weight and volume restrictions for the powertrain especially as they relate to the storage of hydrogen and batteries. In doing so, the range of the vehicle with each powertrain can be determined. Furthermore, the study looks at the logistical needs associated with such vehicles. In particular, it approximates the quantity of fuel, water, and solar panels required to produce enough electricity to recharge batteries or electrolyze water for hydrogen production. The analysis then evaluates the trade-offs between vehicle range and logistical footprint associated with the different powertrains. The study then concludes with a discussion on the technical challenges associated with each powertrain.