Design Optimization of Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles 2021-28-0123

High vehicle emission resulting in increasing the air pollution day by day has challenged and forced the automotive industry to look for alternate and more environment friendly technologies. The transformation of the automotive industry in near future towards green energy solutions has also fuelled the technological advancement in this industry. In order to fulfil this requirement, Electrical Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as the best solution available till now. It has become very popular because of the zero emission and higher wheel-drive efficiency. The vehicle has some limitations in terms of performance, cost, lifespan & battery safety. The EVs have lithium ion batteries incorporated to cater the drive power requirement. In order to maximize the vehicle performance, thermal management of the batteries becomes very critical. The battery thermal management system (BTMS) has crucial role in controlling the thermal behaviour of the batteries. Several cooling methods are used for battery thermal management systems such as air-cooling system, liquid cooling system, direct refrigerant cooling system, phase change material cooling system, and thermo-electric cooling as well as heating system.

The present study describes the battery thermal management using the coolant i.e. liquid cooling system & demonstrates the battery performance at various conditions. The paper analyses the thermal heat load requirement of the battery with respect to various ambient conditions and optimize it accordingly. Typically, the cooling systems are designed to cater the thermal heating of the battery for both high & low ambient conditions. This paper shows the correlation between various parameter to its thermal performance. The overall system has been tested and performance were validated in the laboratory.