A Comprehensive Experimental Study to Measure Laminar and Turbulent Burning Velocity of Haltermann Gasoline with Ternary Additives (O ₃ , H ₂ , and CO) 2021-01-0473

In this work, the effects of ozone, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) addition to Haltermann gasoline combustion were investigated. For these additives, laminar and turbulent flame speeds were experimentally determined using spherically propagating premixed flames in a constant volume combustion vessel. Two initial mixture pressures of P_o = 1 and 5 bar, two initial mixture temperatures of 358 and 373 K and a range of equivalence ratios (Ф) from 0.5 to 1 were investigated. The additives were added as single, binary and ternary mixtures to Haltermann gasoline over a wide range of concentrations. For the stoichiometric mixture, the addition of 10% H₂, 5% CO and 1000 ppm O₃ shows remarkable enhancement (80%) in $S_L^0$compared to neat Haltermann gasoline. In addition, for this same blend, increasing the mixture initial temperature and pressure results in a significant increase in $S_L^0$compared to the neat gasoline. Thus it can be inferred that ternary additives suppress the reduction effect of pressure on $S_L^0$ encountered at elevated pressure with neat Haltermann gasoline. With 40% (by mass) addition of synthetic EGR (20% CO₂ - 80% N₂) to neat Haltermann gasoline, successful propagation of a flame was not attained; however, ternary additives blend improves the kinetics of the combustible mixture and enhances the flame propagation. The presence of a ternary additive limits the reduction of $S_L^0$ to 33% compared to base fuel (43% reduction), with a 20% EGR addition. The turbulent burning velocity at two turbulence intensities of 0.4 and 1.2 m/s showed that increasing turbulence intensity enhanced the turbulent burning velocity due to increased flame front wrinkling.