Modeling of Quasi-Steady State Heat Transfer Phenomena with the Consideration of Backflow Gas Effect at Intake Manifold of IC Engines and Its Numerical Analyses on 1-D Engine Simulation 2018-32-0029

An empirical equation was developed for modeling the heat transfer phenomena taking place in an intake manifold which included the backflow gas effect. In literature, heat transfer phenomenon at intake system is modeled based on steady flow assumptions by Colburn analogy. Previously, authors developed an equation with the introduction of Graetz and Strouhal numbers, using a port model experimental setup. In this study, to further improve the empirical equation, real engine experiments were conducted where pressure ratio between the intake manifold and engine cylinder were added along with Reynolds number to characterize the backflow gas effect on intake air temperature. Compared to the experimental data, maximum and average errors of intake air temperature estimated from the new empirical equation were found to be 2.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Furthermore, Colburn analogy and suggested empirical equation were consecutively implemented to 1-D engine simulation software on gasoline and diesel engine setups. Naturally aspirated gasoline engine simulations revealed the importance of the backflow gas effect in line with the real engine experiments. Maximum and average temperature differences between the Colburn analogy and suggested equation showed 36.0 K and 28.7 K, respectively. In turbocharged diesel engine simulations, intake air temperature’s effect on auto ignition timing was analyzed. At engine speed of 2250 rpm, in-cylinder air temperature difference at IVC was found to be 5.8 K. This difference corresponded to an advanced auto-ignition timing by 1.15 deg. CA, which could be interpreted an estimated reduction of CO₂ gas by 0.28%.