Experimental Analysis on the ‘Exact’ Cremer Impedance in Rectangular Ducts 2018-01-1523

Cremer impedance, first proposed by Cremer (Acustica 3, 1953) and then improved by Tester (JSV 28, 1973), refers to the locally reacting boundary condition that can maximize the attenuation of a certain acoustic mode in a uniform waveguide. One limitation in Tester’s work is that it simplified the analysis on the effect of flow by only considering high frequencies or the ‘well cut-on’ modes. This approximation is reasonable for large duct applications, e.g., aero-engines, but not for many other cases of interest, with the vehicle intake and exhaust system included. A recent modification done by Kabral et al. (Acta Acustica united with Acustica 102, 2016) has removed this limitation and investigated the ‘exact’ solution of Cremer impedance for circular waveguides, which reveals an appreciable difference between the exact and classic solution in the low frequency range. Consequently, the exact solution can lead to a much higher low-frequency attenuation level. In addition, the exact solution is found to exhibit some special properties at very low frequencies, e.g., a negative resistance. In this paper, liners designed on the basis of the exact solution are tested and the difference between the exact and classic solution in the low frequency range (not low enough to go into the negative resistance region) is experimentally investigated.