Development of the Combustion System for a Flexible Fuel Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine 2010-01-0585
Gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) engines, such as
EcoBoost™ from Ford, are becoming established as a high value
technology solution to improve passenger car and light truck fuel
economy. Due to their high specific performance and excellent
low-speed torque, improved fuel economy can be realized due to
downsizing and downspeeding without sacrificing performance and
driveability while meeting the most stringent future emissions
standards with an inexpensive three-way catalyst.
A logical and synergistic extension of the EcoBoost™ strategy
is the use of E85 (approximately 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) for
knock mitigation. Direct injection of E85 is very effective in
suppressing knock due to ethanol's high heat of vaporization -
which increases the charge cooling benefit of direct injection -
and inherently high octane rating. As a result, higher boost levels
can be achieved while maintaining optimal combustion phasing giving
high thermal efficiency. However, due to their different
properties, optimization of a combustion system for both regular
grade (91 RON) gasoline and E85 is non-trivial.
This paper describes the initial design and development of a new
combustion system for a flexible fuel (gasoline and E85)
turbocharged direct injection engine. The development process
utilized a boosted single-cylinder engine in conjunction with a
second boosted single-cylinder engine with optical access which was
used to provide insight into fuel/air interactions and resultant
combustion performance. Using this approach a robust combustion
system was developed to meet targets for both gasoline and E85
operation before multi-cylinder hardware was available.
Citation: Whitaker, P., Shen, Y., Spanner, C., Fuchs, H. et al., "Development of the Combustion System for a Flexible Fuel Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine," SAE Int. J. Engines 3(1):326-354, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0585. Download Citation
Author(s):
Paul Whitaker, Yuan Shen, Christian Spanner, Heribert Fuchs, Apoorv Agarwal, Kevin Byrd
Affiliated:
AVL Powertrain Engineering Inc., AVL List GmbH, Ford Motor Co.
Pages: 29
Event:
SAE 2010 World Congress & Exhibition
ISSN:
1946-3936
e-ISSN:
1946-3944
Also in:
SAE International Journal of Engines-V119-3, SI Combustion and Direct Injection SI Engine Technology, 2010-SP-2278, SAE International Journal of Engines-V119-3EJ
Related Topics:
Fuel economy
Three-way catalysts
Gasoline
Ethanol
Light trucks
Combustion and combustion processes
Knock
Environmental regulations and standards
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