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A driver alertness detection system utilizing overhead capacitive sensors has been developed. The overhead capacitive sensor array is used to track head position over time. Initial tests indicate capability of advance detection of over 80% of driver errors attributable to extreme fatigue.

Three applications of laminated glass-encapsulated capacitive sensors are described: occupant sensing for passenger airbag control; rain sensing for improved driver vision; and supplemental crash discrimination sensors. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and further development required to commercialize each application is outlined.

Capacitive occupant sensing is described, beginning with sensor physics, sensor structure and implementation, basic attributes, and vehicle integration. Real-world sensing challenges, vehicle application pro's and con's, and combinations of capacitive and other occupant sensing technologies are then discussed.