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The paper presents the main results of a study focused on the definition of exhaust emission factors for a waste collection vehicles fleet, taking into account the specific mission profiles. As a first step, on the basis of the fleet characteristics, different classification criteria were applied, aiming at the identification of suitable vehicle classes. Then, the calculation of the exhaust emissions for each class was based on a two terms equation, the first related to the vehicle travel (considering different sources for the relevant emission factors) and the second to the equipment use, whose contribution is estimated on the basis of different parameters. A computational code was then set up for the evaluation of the daily emission of normalized pollutants for the whole fleet and each required service.

The icing tests carried out on the Piaggio P.180 “Avanti” aircraft throughout development and certification program are herein described from preliminary evaluation in wind-tunnel tests to real flight in artificial icing conditions realized behind U.S. Air Force air tanker NKC-135 and, finally, to natural ice tests performed in a wide range of atmospheric environments comprehensive of a wide range of average liquid water contents, cloud droplets median volume diameter and static temperature obtained in significant icing conditions. Slight discrepances between data in artificial and natural tests have been discovered and herein discussed.

The aim of this paper is to present the program worked-out for the certification flight test of the Piaggio P.180 “Avanti” aircraft and the results obtained, with particular care to the test items devoted to the peculiar characteristics of the airplane (three lifting surfaces, rearback main wing, pushing propellers, high aerodynamics efficency) and requiring a specific project management. During the whole flight test program such extensive investigations looked at: high angle of attack stability and control; longitudinal control during changes of lifting configuration; propeller stress; in-flight loads; artificial & natural icing tests; taxing and running on wet runway (splash tests); natural laminar flow tests. Focusing these fundamental areas the present paper gives in the meantime a general overview of the development flight tests performed on the aircraft that achieved more than 2000 flight hours reaching the initial RAI (Italian) certification and FAA certification on spring 1990.