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The processes and variation of the physical parameters, inside a constant area equilibrium MHD generator, are examined and modelled. A one dimensional model is derived, which assumes uniform properties over the generator cross sectional area and allows for variations of velocity, pressure, temperature, density, electric field, current density and electrical conductivity in the direction of the flow. The plasma composition is determined by particle balance equations which include collisional, radiative, diffusion and flow processes. This comprehensive model should result in an accurate description of the processes inside a MHD generator and allow for a better interpretation of experimental results. An example of a linear constant area segmented electrode generator operating in the Faraday mode with a gaseous mixture of Helium seeded with a few percent Cesium, is presented in this study.

The blanket is the medium that allows the heat energy to be extracted from the fusion reactor as well as the breeding of tritium to be used in fuelling the plasma. The difficulty encountered in the design of this component lies in the inherent requirement not just to multiply and moderate the incoming neutrons but also to use these neutrons in order to breed the necessary amount of tritium needed to run the fusion reactions. The assessment and selection of blanket designs for a reactor must be based on the functional compatibility of the various components and materials. Criteria that are important and are accounted for in the selection are material compatibility and structural integrity, identification of temperature operational limits and integration with an efficient thermal energy conversion system.